Comparison of the Anesthetic Techniques

nerve blocks) can be used for multiple surgical procedures [1–3]. The effect of anesthetic technique on perioperative outcomes is controversial. Central neuraxial blocks including spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia are regional anesthesia techniques. Regional anesthesia techniques provide important advantages compared with general anesthesia in some surgical procedures [1, 3]. Regional anesthesia is not only performed for adequate anesthesia in the surgical procedures. There are other advantages for the use of regional anesthesia techniques including excellent pain control, reduced side effects, decreased blood loss, improved cardiac and pulmonary function, and shortened stay in the postanesthesia care unit [1–4]. Low doses of spinal anesthesia and intra-articularly administered analgesic provided a better pain relief, a shorter discharge time, and a higher satisfaction for outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery [2]. Epidural technique as a regional anesthesia is one of the important methods for multimodal postoperative pain control [1, 3]. Hypotensive epidural anesthesia is another technique that decreased blood loss in hip surgeries [1]. Caudal anesthesia is commonly performed in pediatric patients for surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Regional anesthesia would provide excellent pain control and improve outcomes such as decrease in side effects, improvement of pulmonary function, prevention of chronic pain, or reduction in hospital stay. Thus the regional anesthetic techniques and outcome using regional anesthesia for postoperative pain have becoming one of the important fields [4, 5]. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) has been used in some surgeries and it has been compared with other anesthesia techniques. TIVA with propofol can make a positive contribution to preventing ischemia-reperfusion-associated increases in MDA and IMA in tourniquet-related ischemia reperfusion in arthroscopic knee surgery. In scoliosis surgery, the use of TIVA with propofol and remifentanil is associated with decreased neuroendocrine stress responses in the peri-operative period when compared with inhalation anesthesia. Regional intravenous anesthesia (RIVA) is generally preferred for patients who will have upper extremity surgery due to advantages such as providing a blood-free surgery site, rapid onset and termination of the anesthetic effect, lack of necessity of severe sedation, and general anesthesia and easy application. In addition some analgesic drugs to local anesthetics in intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) have been published. The addition of 3 mg/kg paracetamol and 50 mg dexketoprofen to lidocaine as adjuvant in RIVA applied for hand and/or forearm surgery created a significant difference clinically. Nerve blocks are used for postoperative analgesia. Inter-scalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is used to provide both anesthesia and …